How to do the Staffing and Training for Global Operations Research Paper

How to do the Staffing and Training for Global Operations - Research Paper Example 7 Regiocentric Approach †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Geo-centric Approach- Global Approach†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Selection Process for Global Assignments†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 10 Training and development for expatriates †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Cross Cultural Training †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 13 Introduction Going global was considered to be a great achievement few years ago, but today, it is part of a company’s survival strategy and rather an essential element to de-risk the business from a single country shock. Going global has become an increasingly important business strategy because of that most businesses face challenges of localized economic policies and competition. The advances in information technology and telecommunication that scholars consider it as second revolution have caused tremendous changes in global business and increased the volume of trade between nations. Multinational companies have been playing major role in the process of moving goods and services around the globe. When companies go global and operate in different countries, policies relating to employee hiring, training, compensating and maintaining are largely aff ected and human resource managers are required to have a global perspective of business to effectively formulate and implement human resource policies. This piece of research paper addresses the importance of effective staffing process for a company when operates in other countries and explains main elements of international human resource management in relation to hiring, training and compensating the employees. This paper explains main modes of global staffing in relation to managing expatriates and analyzes various selection factors for global operation. Need for effective Staffing for Global Operation In recent days, managers of large multinationals have been realizing the significance of human resource practices to ensure the profitability and competitive advantages of their business. Human resource management has become more involved in helping international organizations and these organizations necessarily require to develop global strategies with major focus to hire, manage and retain best employees in order to ensure competitive advantages. As Briscoe, Schuler and Claus (2008) stated that the impact of a company’s international activity on human resource varies according to various factors like stages of internationalization, the global nature of the particular industry and specific choice of the firm etc (p. 29). Large companies that have been operating in its home country often suddenly become global and as a result its existing human resources start working in different conditions with no previous experiences in international operation. Likewise, companies need to hire, train maintain and retain talented employees to be able to work in multinational conditions. Stahl and Bjorkman (2006) stressed that global staffing has become a critical issue in international management for the following reasons:- There has been growing awareness that the success of international business mainly depend on recruiting the qualified senior and other managers.

International People Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International People Management - Essay Example Employees encounter more ambiguity and decreased job security (Coetzee, 2005). Because of lack of job security, the employees too expect the employers to demonstrate their commitment in terms or providing the right work environment like safety and work-life balance. Even change management requires not just effective leaders but committed followers. Thus, gaining and maintaining employee commitment is a challenge that management faces because they need committed employees. The HR functions have to be integrated and this includes recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, remuneration and managing workforce diversity. Employee commitment has been defined by various authors in different ways and there is no consensus. This force is experienced as a mindset. Commitment has been defined as the basis of an individual’s psychological attachment to the organization (Caldwell, Chatman & O’Reilly, 1990; Jafri, 2010). It has been defined as a stabilizing force that acts to maintain behavioural direction†¦.an obliging force that requires that the employee honour the commitment †¦.the psychological attachment felt by the individual†¦.or that state which binds the individual to the organization. Thus all the definitions suggest that there has to be a force that directs the individual’s behaviour (Coetzee, 2005). Authors also differ on the various forms that commitment can take. Commitment can be retain their organizational membership or a commitment to support the goals of the organization. Organizational commitment has also been defined as an attitude toward the organizat ion manifested as identification with organizational goals, willingness to exert effort on behalf of the organization, and a strong desire to maintain membership in the organization (Taylor, Levy, Boyacigiller & Beechler, 2008). Two approaches have been used to define commitment by the

Mark Zuckerberg Essay Example for Free

Mark Zuckerberg Essay Mark Zuckerberg is the Founder, Chairman, and Chief Executive Officer of Facebook. Zuckerberg started Facebook in 2004 at the age of 19 from the confines of his Harvard dorm room. Facebook has grown from a college students only craze to the leading social networking sight around the globe. Mark later dropped out of Harvard and moved his company to Palo Alto, California to pursue the growth of his business. Zuckerberg’s job as Chief Executive Officer is to set the tone and direction for product strategy for the entire company. At 27 years old Zuckerberg is one of the youngest Chief Executive Officers in the world. He leads the design of Facebook’s service and development of its core technology and infrastructure (Facebook, 2012). His leadership style is to lead by example, showing passion for his work, he is also about rising to the challenge ever challenging his employees and he expects them to rise to the occasion. Mark is not one to coddle people or give positive feedback, he has been known to seem uninterested even when listening to a pitch or idea weather one on one or in a boardroom (Carlson, 2012). In all actuality he is listening and taking everything in and putting the puzzle pieces together he usually does not acknowledge an employee’s good idea until he takes it and puts it into action (Carlson, 2012). Employees that have confidence in their own abilities, are self-motivating, and emotionally sound are most likely to flourish in the presence of Mark Zuckerberg (Carlson, 2012). Mark’s philosophy is to innovate and execute. One of the values as stated on the company website is: â€Å"We have a saying â€Å"Move fast and break things.† The idea is that if you never break anything, you’re probably not moving fast enough. At Facebook, we’re less afraid of making mistakes than we are of losing opportunities† (Facebook, 2012). In a technology based industry it pays to be cutting edge and the first to the drawing board with new ideas this is important to the Founder of the company as well as the survival of the company as technology advances into the future. Sometimes this philosophy makes Zuckerberg seem reckless like when the company launched Beacon, an advertising program, which would automatically share what you bought online with all of your Facebook friends (Deneen, 2010). This program was launched around the holidays and reviled what some had bought as gifts or even engagement rings all without the users consent (Deneen, 2010). After being first to launch a program of its kind the company then had to rewind and apologize for all the trouble it caused and alter how it would work in the future(Deneen, 2010). Even though Zuckerberg is a kid genius of sorts starting a company so young that has been continually successful as it continues to grow even he had a mentor. His mentor was Steve Jobs who was Co-Founder and CEO of Apple and whom recently passed away (Farooq, 2011). It shows that he admired someone in a similar industry and wanted to learn how Steve grew and managed his company(Farooq, 2011). I think it is important to have a mentor that one can confide in and learn from who is a part of the same industry and has had a career or success that you admire. Having a mentor can help one realize and reach his or her own goals and possibly prevent making mistakes first hand. In this research I learned that your leadership philosophy can change and grow. A lot of the change and growth in Mark Zuckerberg’s philosophy may have come from being so young and having to change and grow with his ever growing business. Being able to adapt to change and rise to the occasion as a CEO of a company is imperative. I hope to apply this in my own industry by thinking outside of the box and being confident enough in myself to share my new ideas. I also learned that you may not always be perceived the way that you hoped while in a leadership position. Mark has been labeled as carless and rash when making decisions to launch new ideas on Facebook. He has launched many concepts that had negative back lash or did not have all the kinks worked out before introducing them to the public. His main goal though is to be innovative and on the cutting edge of his industry and he has stayed true to this regardless of the mistakes made and negativity and scrutiny that comes along with the growth and innovation. As I move up in the business world I hope to stay focused on my personal and company goals and not let negativity from co-workers, media, or friend derail me from my personal goals. My employees may not always understand my methods but it isn’t there job to understand it is there job to rise to the challenges I set in front of them. He has also been criticized for his choice of clothing as a Chief Executive Officer he wears jeans, t-shirts, hoodie sweat shirts, and tennis shoes on the job. He even wore this attire when discussing the possibility of his company becoming publicly traded on Wall Street. He is a no non-sense kind of guy who is not afraid to be and come as he is. He is the brain child of his organization so he is able to dress as he likes on the job without anyone telling him otherwise but outsiders do not agree an let him know that his attire is inappropriate. I think that as I move up in my industry I will keep in mind that first impressions are very important even down to the clothes on my back regardless of how successful I am making a great impression and dressing appropriately for my job will help others to take me and my ideas seriously. References Carlson, N. (2012, January 25). Confessions of a Facebook Employee: What Its Really Like Working For Zuckerberg. Retrieved from http://articles.businessinsider.com/2012-01-25/tech/30662019_1_mark-zuckerberg-andrew-bosworth-facebook Deneen, S. (2010). The Facebook Age. Retrieved from http://www.success.com/articles/1287-the-facebook-age Facebook. (2012). Careers at Facebook. Retrieved from http://www.facebook.com/careers/?ref=pf Facebook. (2012). Mangement. Retrieved from http://newsroom.fb.com/content/default.aspx?NewsAreaId=1 Farooq, S. (2011, November 8). Steve Jobs Mentored Me: Mark Zuckerberg. Retrieved from http://www.nbcsandiego.com/blogs/press-here/Steve-Jobs-Mentored-Me-Mark-Zuckerberg-133456048.html Raising, M. (2011, March 8). Mark Zuckerberg: Transformational Leadership In Action. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles.com/?Mark-Zuckerberg:-Transformational-Leadership-in-Actionid=6053695

Technology and Beckett’s Play, Krapp’s Last Tape Essay -- Krapp’s Last

Technology and Beckett’s Play, Krapp’s Last Tape â€Å"bois seul bouffe brà »le crà ªve seul comme devant les absents sont morts les prà ©sents puent sors tes yeux dà ©tourne-les sur les roseaux se taquinent-ils ou les aà ¯s pas la peine il y a le vent et l’à ©tat de veille†[1][1] -Samuel Beckett, Untitled As an avant-garde writer and a trend starter, Beckett was intensely in touch with his own time and its most significant realities, one of which being technological progress. In his play Krapp’s Last Tape, first performed in 1958, we meet yet another one of his spiritually crippled and disillusioned characters: Krapp, an old recluse. Krapp is alone on the stage, seconded only by a tape player/recorder. As an embodiment of his memory, the machine completes Krapp and provides him with a link to his past, a grounding force which serves to give him a stronger presence. Ultimately, however, Krapp is no better off than analogous characters in Beckett’s work. Whatever crumbs of hope the machine may bring, the core of the human problem is still the human condition, and that itself may not be changed by any form of insight into the past, however clear. â€Å"A late evening in the future.† starts Beckett’s script of Krapp’s Last Tape. One needs not to imagine what this future is like; if this indication is significant at all, its meaning does not exist has a stage direction to be interpreted creatively by the theatrical director. Rather, this indication concerns the whole mood and pace of the play; this is to be the future; that time or state after all that we may have planned or expected has passed. The world which Krapp inhabits is far away from our own; his â€Å"den† might as well be on another p... ...t or indirect manner. In fact, one would be in the right to propound the contrary; that the machine, in Beckett’s opinion, is a distraction from the meaningful aspects of existence, a superficial solution to the real problems of life. Works Cited and Consulted Astro, Alan. Understanding Samuel Beckett. Columbia: University of South Carolina, 1992. Beckett, Samuel. Collected Poems in English and French. New-York: Grover Press, 1977. Beckett, Samuel. Endgame. New-York: Grove Press, 1970. Beckett, Samuel. Krapp’s Last Tape and Embers. London, Faber and Faber,1968. Beckett, Samuel. Beckett: The Complete Short Prose,1929-1989 ed. S.E. Gontarski. New-York: Grove Press, 1995. Durozoi, Gà ©rard. Prà ©sence littà ©raire : Beckett. Paris: Bordas, 1972. Notes 1 Collected Poems in English and French, 45. 2 The Complete Short Prose, xi 3 Durozoi, 101

Culture and Personality

Personality: Boas and Benedict According to Franz Boas, pioneer of Psychological Anthropology or the study of the relationship between culture and personality, personality is obtained thru culture and not biology. His theory called Cultural Relativism gives a comprehensive understanding of the underlying relationship between culture and personality. Boas’ student Ruth Benedict expounded the research on the effect of culture to personality through studying cultural various patterns and themes.Although she admitted that the global cultural diffusion has made the cultural patterns of civilized societies are difficult to trace, primitive societies located at the remote areas have preserved their shared personalities through their values, beliefs and rituals. When Benedict wrote her book Patterns of Culture, she mentioned her comparison of the cultural patterns of two different northern American Indian groups as well as an Indian group located off-coast of Papua New Guinea.In her s tudy, she found out that although they are from similar genetic collection, these groups have significant differences in their respective value systems. For instance, one tribe’s idea of a â€Å"good man† differentiates to that of another. Her book, The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture, included a detailed description of Japanese belief and value system as well as a hypothesis on the reason behind the actions of the Japanese during World War II. PERSONALITY: MARGARET MEAD Arguably, Margaret Mead was one of the leading anthropologists of the 20th century.Being a student of Boas, Mead extended the school’s knowledge in culture and personality as she focused from the American culture to the whole Western World. She travelled to Samoa and she found out that the societies there have uniform value systems, and thus, they share common personality traits. In the culture of Samoan tribes, it was noted that until individuals reach the age of 15- 1 6, when they are to be subjected to marital rituals, they do not have significant roles in terms of social life. In fact, children are ignored by their parents and the rest of the society until after they reach puberty.Girls are taught to see boys as their enemies. The effect of this portion of the Samoan culture is that children tend to be either aggressive to gain attention, or passive due to the lack of affection and love from their significant others. SEX? DIFFERENCES AND PERSONALITY Evolution and genetics are believed to have brought about differences in personality traits as determined by the biological sex of a person. As explained by the Theory of Sexual Selection, males compete to attract females, so men are more likely to be aggressive and competitive than women.However, nowadays we may see that more and more women become aggressive in competing against other women for a man. Our culture greatly contributes to the development of our beliefs and values. For this reason, bot h cultural psychologists and social anthropologists believe that culture affects one’s personality. In addition, gender differences also influence the personality traits a person possesses. Read more: Does culture affect our personality? – Individual Traits and Culture.

Holocaust Survivor, Elie Wiesels Strategies in The Perils...

Elie Wiesel—a Holocaust survivor and award-winning human rights activist—passionately gave his speech, â€Å"The Perils of Indifference,† while in the White House on April 12, 1999. The speech was part of the Millennium Lecture series, which was hosted by President Bill Clinton and his wife. Mrs. Hilary Clinton introduced Elie as well, saying: It was more than a year ago that I asked Elie if he would be willing to participate in these Millennium Lectures...I never could have imagined that when the time finally came for him to stand in this spot and to reflect on the past century and the future to come, that we would be seeing children in Kosovo crowded into trains, separated from families, separated from their homes, robbed of their childhoods, their memories, their humanity. Indeed, the events in Kosovo created an effective environment that Wiesel could use to tell the audience about some of his experiences during the Holocaust and to communicate why humanity mu st fight against the evil of indifference. Wiesel knows about that evil firsthand. How could he not with his experiences in the Holocaust? This experience is a large factor in his relationship with the issue, and he references it subtly several times, as he frequently uses the words â€Å"we† and â€Å"us† when talking about those who have experienced the worst effects of indifference. The reason he felt such a need to communicate why humanity should despise indifference is, in fact, because it so directly affected him. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Speech, Perils Of Indifference, By Elie Wiesel1869 Words   |  8 PagesIn the speech, â€Å"Perils of Indifference,† Elie Wiesel, the author of Night, conveys his message that indifference entices inhumanity as a lack of acknowledgement to a person’s suffering is advantageous to an assailant and â€Å"elicits no response† (3). Therefore, the individual with a sense of indifference is a determining factor in others’ distress because without their involvement, the victim will never be assisted. Sentiments of anger and hatred possess the ability to endorse positive conclusions;

Castigo, multa y perdón por entrar ilegalmente a EE.UU.

Cuando una persona extranjera ingresa ilegalmente a los Estados Unidos està ¡ cometiendo un crimen –en la forma de falta o de felonà ­a, segà ºn el caso– y puede sufrir consecuencias migratorias, econà ³micas y legales a consecuencia de esa accià ³n.  ¿Quà © se considera ingreso ilegal a los Estados Unidos? En realidad, segà ºn las leyes migratorias se considera ingreso ilegal a Estados Unidos varias acciones, entre ellas: ingresar por cualquier punto de la frontera distinto a un puesto de control migratorio oficial.cruzar la frontera escondido en un vehà ­culo que sà ­ pasa por un control migratoriocruzar por un puesto migratorio utilizando una visa và ¡lida pero que se obtuvo mediante fraudecruzar utilizando visa, pasaporte o tarjeta de residencia falsosingresar con el documento de otra persona, como por ejemplo su pasaporte o cualquier otro.  ¿Cuà ¡l es el castigo y la multa por cruzar ilegalmente una sola vez? La primera vez que se cruza ilegalmente a Estados Unidos se està ¡ cometiendo un crimen en la categorà ­a de falta, conocido en inglà ©s como misdemeanor. Si el migrante es agarrado puede ser condenado al pago de una multa econà ³mica y/o a una posible condena de prisià ³n por un mà ¡ximo de 2 aà ±os.    ¿Deportacià ³n exprà ©s o deportacià ³n ordinaria? Ademà ¡s, si migrante que cruza ilegalmente y es agarrado en el intento o poco tiempo despuà ©s o cerca de la frontera puede ser objeto de una expulsià ³n inmediata, tambià ©n conocida como deportacià ³n exprà ©s. En este caso, los migrantes reciben un castigo y no pueden regresar a EE.UU. por cinco aà ±os. Por otro lado, los migrantes que consiguen ingresar al paà ­s sin ser detenidos pueden ser arrestados posteriormente en cualquier momento. Tambià ©n puede iniciarse contra ellos un proceso ordinario de deportacià ³n, aà ºn cuando no cometan otros delitos y aà ºn cuando tengan hijos estadounidenses.  ¿Puede arreglar los papeles dentro de EE.UU. el migrante que ingresa ilegalmente migratorias? Cuando un migrante ingresa ilegalmente a EE.UU. està ¡ prà ¡cticamente cerrando todos los caminos para regularizar la situacià ³n desde dentro del paà ­s mediante un ajuste de estatus. Eso es asà ­ porque dicha persona se ha convertido en lo que se conoce como inadmisible en las leyes de Inmigracià ³n. Esto incluye a los casos de migrantes casados de buena fe con ciudadanos estadounidenses. Sin embargo, algunos caminos para arreglar la situacià ³n migratoria permanecen abiertos. Por ejemplo, asilo si se solicita antes de cumplir el aà ±o del ingreso. Otras posibles soluciones son  las visas U para và ­ctimas de violencia que cumplen requisitos estrictos, VAWA para và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica o casos como la visa T por trà ¡fico humano o el Programa de Inmigrantes Juveniles para menores de 21 aà ±os que han sido abusados y/o abandonados por sus padres. Ademà ¡s, actualmente està ¡n protegidos frente a la deportacià ³n los migrantes que ingresaron a EE.UU. siendo menores de 16 aà ±os y tienen aprobada una medida que se conoce como Accià ³n Diferida (DACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Asimismo, pueden obtener proteccià ³n frente a la deportacià ³n y obtener un permiso de trabajo mediante el programa Parole in Place los familiares de residentes permanentes y de ciudadanos que sirven en la actualidad en el Ejà ©rcito, en la Reserva Activa o son veteranos licenciados con honor. Finalmente, en los casos de proceso de deportacià ³n abiertos contra un migrante, siempre se puede solicitar uno de los posibles alivios para pararla, si se cumplen los requisitos para su aprobacià ³n.  ¿Se puede pedir perdà ³n por ingreso ilegal? No se puede pedir perdà ³n por haber ingresado ilegalmente a Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, en algunos casos podrà ­a solicitarse un perdà ³n para regresar legalmente al paà ­s por castigos relacionados, de algà ºn modo, con dicho ingreso. Por ejemplo, por presencia ilegal en el paà ­s por un tiempo superior a 180 dà ­as en cumplimiento de la ley de castigo de los tres o de los 10 aà ±os y/o perdà ³n por haber recibido  una orden de deportacià ³n o remocià ³n. Los requisitos y procedimiento son distintos segà ºn se necesite solicitar el perdà ³n como paso previo para solicitar una visa no inmigrante como, por ejemplo, la de turista, o una visa inmigrante para ingresar a Estados Unidos y convertirse en residente permanente legal. Ingreso ilegal a EE.UU. 2 o mà ¡s veces y la prohibicià ³n permanente Las consecuencias civiles, penales y migratorias de ingresar ilegalmente a Estados Unidos por una segunda vez o mà ¡s veces son mà ¡s graves que si solamente se ingresà ³ una vez. Y es que el ingreso por segunda vez puede llegar a ser calificado como un crimen con categorà ­a de felonà ­a. Ademà ¡s, se puede castigar al migrante con una multa econà ³mica de entre $50 a $250 dà ³lares, que se multiplica por 2 si previamente se castigà ³ a ese migrante con una multa por razà ³n de ingreso ilegal. Ademà ¡s, puede haber pena de cà ¡rcel, a entender de la siguiente manera: Las personas expulsadas o deportadas previamente de Estados Unidos por razà ³n de seguridad nacional, por ejemplo por pertenecer a pandillas, serà ¡n multados y/o condenados a prisià ³n por un mà ¡ximo de 10 aà ±os. Si tiene mà ¡s de una condena, deberà ¡ cumplirlas sucesivamente, es decir, no se permite la acumulacià ³n de condenas. Ademà ¡s, las personas expulsadas o deportadas de EE.UU. por 3 o mà ¡s faltas o por 1 delito si estos està ¡n relacionados con drogas o delitos contra las personas serà ¡n castigadas con multa y/o prisià ³n por un mà ¡ximo de 10 aà ±os. Por otro lado, las personas deportadas por un delito agravado pueden ser castigadas con multa y/o un mà ¡ximo de 20 aà ±os en prisià ³n. Ademà ¡s, en estos casos la re-entrada o intento es considerada por sà ­ mismo un delito agravado. Finalmente, las personas deportadas por una razà ³n no violenta pueden ser castigadas por un mà ¡ximo de 10 aà ±os de prisià ³n. Re-ingreso ilegal despuà ©s de deportacià ³n: prohibicià ³n permanente En dos casos se castiga al migrante con la penalidad de la prohibicià ³n permanente para regresar legalmente a EE.UU: Cuando una persona ha pasado mà ¡s de 1 aà ±o ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos, todo el tiempo junto o de varias veces, despuà ©s sale y despuà ©s ingresa ilegalmente.Cuando una persona ha sido deportada de los Estados Unidos y re-ingresa o intenta re-ingresar ilegalmente. Esto quiere decir que en la mayorà ­a de los casos el migrante serà ¡ deportado y prà ¡cticamente nunca podrà ¡ ingresar a los Estados Unidos legalmente. Sin embargo, en casos excepcionales podrà ­a ser posible solicitar y obtener un perdà ³n para que se permita aplicar por una visa no inmigrante o una visa inmigrante si se califica para una. Si bien es siempre necesario vivir un mà ­nimo de 10 aà ±os fuera de los Estados Unidos antes de poder siquiera solicitar una autorizacià ³n para poder aplicar por la visa. La excepcià ³n de VAWA a la prohibicià ³n permanente Los migrantes con un castigo de prohibicià ³n permanente y que han conseguido volver a cruzar ilegalmente a EE.UU. no pueden, en la gran mayorà ­a de los casos, arreglar los papeles. Sin embargo, existen excepciones como algunas circunstancias de VAWA, para và ­ctimas de violencia domà ©stica. Todos estos casos son complejos y es recomendable contar con la asesorà ­a de un abogado migratorio con experiencia en estos temas.  ¿Cuà ¡l es el castigo por ingresar legalmente con visa pero quedarse ilegalmente? Ingresar con visa y quedarse ilegalmente mà ¡s tiempo que el autorizado –overstay de la visa–, no es un delito. Sin embargo, sà ­ es una violacià ³n migratoria y puede dar lugar a la deportacià ³n del migrante. Ademà ¡s, en casos limitados pueden arreglar su situacià ³n sin salir de EE.UU. como en el caso de asilo, visa U para và ­ctimas de violencia o mediante ajuste de estatus por matrimonio con ciudadano estadounidense. Puntos clave: ingreso ilegal a EE.UU. Violacià ³n migratoria: ingresar legalmente pero quedarse ilegalmenteFalta (misdemeanor): ingresar ilegalmente 1 vezCrimen que puede ser llegado a calificar de felonà ­a: ingresar 2 o mà ¡s vecesProhibicià ³n permanente: Ingresar ilegalmente despuà ©s de deportacià ³n Fuente: [USC02] 8 USC 1182: Inadmissible Aliens, https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?reqgranuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1182num0editionprelim. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.